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UNE student helps excavate rare 70-million-year-old Nemegtosaurus skeleton in Mongolia

UNE student helps excavate rare 70-million-year-old Nemegtosaurus skeleton in Mongolia

When Nathan Enriquez discovered he would be travelling to Mongolia to dig up the only known fossil of a 70-million-year-old dinosaur it was a dream come true.
Key points:
Nathan Enriquez says spending three weeks in the Gobi Desert was a unique experience
The Gobi Desert is the largest reservoir of dinosaur fossils in the world
Only one Nemegtosaurus skeleton has ever been found by a Polish team who uncovered a skull in the 1970s
The University of New England PhD candidate spent three weeks in the remote Gobi Desert in Mongolia, retrieving the remains of the long-necked Nemegtosaurus that roamed the landscape during the Cretaceous period.
A hand holding a dinosaur tooth, being measured by a ruler.

The Gobi Desert is the largest reservoir of dinosaur fossils in the world, with fossils and bones scattered throughout its towering cliffs and rolling dunes.

"We were picking up really nice bones from a variety of different animals just by walking from our camp … pieces of what are called Tarbosaurus. It's like a cousin to T-rex," Mr Enriquez said.

A large dinosaur bone, partially covered in dirt. Some archaeological digging tools nearby.
"To actually be in this sort of area, looking for bones, is a totally new experience, especially if you've never been in a desert like this before, because it really is the classic sort of desert."

A group carrying a dinosaur bone down a desert hill, overcast sky. One man wears a bright orange jacket.

This Nemegtosaurus leg bone is expect to be about 70 million years old.(Supplied: Nathan Enriquez)
"This animal would have been about 13 metres long, and when it is embedded in a cliff face, it's a lot of work to get that material out," he said.
"The skull is usually prioritised as the most scientifically useful piece of the puzzle, so originally, they took the skull and didn't really care too much about the rest of the skeleton."
One and the same
The bones have been taken to the Mongolian Palaeontology Centre, where they will be studied over the coming years.
UNE Associate Professor Phil Bell said the bones could help answer if Nemegtosaurus was the same species as another long-necked dinosaur found in the Gobi Desert.

A man overlooking a desert valley, orange coloured sand, sky and hills in the horizon.

The team believes most of the skeleton can remain buried within the cliffs of the Gobi Desert.(Supplied)
"There is another species with the tricky name Opisthocoelicaudia, that was named based on the back end of a skeleton," Dr Bell said.
"We just need those overlapping bones in the skeleton in order to test that [they are the same dinosaur]."
Remains may remain buried
The team believes most of the skeleton can remain buried within the cliffs of the Gobi Desert.
However, Dr Bell said it would be a herculean effort to get back to the site and uncover any more bones.

A group photo of palaeontologist in the Gobi Desert, holding a banner, blue skies, clouds.

The Gobi Desert is a wonder to behold, but a challenge to access.(Supplied: University on New England)
"There's a lot of challenges. There are no roads in and out. There is very little by way of supplies," he said.
"We did have some rudimentary maps … but they were hand drawn and don't reflect the realities of when you're out there.
"It was a fluke that one of the members found the site in 2016."
Dr Bell plans to return to the Gobi Desert in September to continue searching the fossil-rich expanse.
"It's good to get to different locations and find new things rather than always heading back to the same spot," he said.
"We've got new areas in our sights for this year, but no doubt, down the track, we'll return to where Nemegtosaurus is just to check it out again"

A dinosaur jaw on a rock in dirt, next to a scale.

Plans are in place for more digs in the Gobi Desert later this year.(Supplied: Nathan Enriquez)
Palaeontologist 'dream come true'
For Nathan Enriquez, the dig was the culmination of a lifelong journey, which began with his earliest memories of watching the BBC's Walking with Dinosaur series back in 1999.

Mr Enriquez says he never thought growing up he would have the opportunity to dig up dinosaur bones.(Supplied)
"From there, it was kind of a straight path for me. I never lost that interest." he said 
"I kind of knew where I wanted to go throughout my childhood, which was such an amazing experience to actually get to this point in my life where I've been looking that direction for so long."
After completing a post-graduate degree, Nathan moved to Armidale in 2018 to complete a master's degree and a doctorate of philosophy, specialising in palaeontology, with the University of New England.

A young man with a mop of brown hair, light sunglasses, long-sleeved white t-shirt, holds a dinosaur bone.

Mr Enriquez says there are many opportunities for palaeontologists.(Supplied: University on New England)
He encourages anyone dreaming of a career in palaeontology to stay committed and the opportunities would come.
"I had these thoughts as a kid, and I never thought it would actually come true," he said.
"These opportunities are out there, and they can come your way, even if you think they won't." 

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